Europe Prepares for Intense Wildfire Season Amid Climate Challenges

Europe Braces for Another Wildfire Season

As summer approaches, European nations are intensifying their preparations to combat wildfires, a growing threat exacerbated by climate change. The European Union has allocated significant resources to support member states, but concerns remain about the effectiveness of these funds.

The Growing Threat of Wildfires

According to the European Court of Auditors (ECA), approximately 39% of the EU's land—160 million hectares—is forested. However, wildfires destroy around 320,000 hectares annually. The frequency of large fires (over 30 hectares) has tripled since 2006, with nearly 1,900 incidents recorded in 2024 alone.

Wildfires contribute to climate change by releasing billions of tonnes of CO2, which in turn accelerates global warming and creates conditions for more severe fires. The health risks are also significant, with wildfire smoke causing respiratory issues and contributing to thousands of deaths annually.

EU Measures and Challenges

The EU Civil Protection Mechanism is coordinating efforts to combat wildfires this summer. Nearly 650 firefighters from 14 countries will be deployed to high-risk areas in France, Greece, Portugal, and Spain. Additionally, 22 airplanes and four helicopters will be stationed across ten member states.

Despite these efforts, the ECA has raised concerns about the misuse of EU funds, citing weak targeting and poor evaluation of outcomes. The EU has allocated €3.5 billion for wildfire prevention and response between 2021 and 2027, but transparency in spending remains an issue.

Country-Specific Preparations

Portugal: Since the devastating fires of 2017, Portugal has invested heavily in wildfire preparedness, mobilizing 14,000 personnel and 70 aircraft for the 2025 season.

Spain: Spain has seen a decline in wildfires, with 1,508 incidents recorded in early 2025, the lowest since 2016. The country has deployed a multi-agency response, including the Military Emergency Unit.

Slovenia: After a major fire in 2022, Slovenia purchased four Air Tractor AT-802 aircraft, funded partly by the EU.

Bulgaria: Bulgaria has doubled its firefighting helicopter fleet and secured €21 million in additional funding for wildfire response.