Mass Transit Ridership Returns to Pre-Pandemic Levels in Cities

Public Transit Recovery Reaches Milestone

Public transportation systems across North America are celebrating a significant milestone as ridership has returned to pre-pandemic levels in several major cities, according to the latest data from the American Public Transportation Association (APTA). The 75th edition of the Public Transportation Fact Book and Ridership Policy Brief reveal that transit agencies delivered 7.7 billion passenger trips in 2024—491 million more than in 2023, marking a remarkable recovery from the devastating impacts of COVID-19.

Service Adjustments Drive Recovery

Transit agencies have implemented strategic service adjustments that have played a crucial role in the ridership rebound. 'We've seen that high-quality transit service remains absolutely crucial for attracting riders back to our systems,' said Paul P. Skoutelas, President of APTA. 'The recovery significantly outpaces office occupancy rates, which stand at only 54%, showing that transit serves far more than traditional commuters.'

The data shows interesting patterns in recovery rates. Smaller cities with populations under 100,000 have achieved 88% ridership recovery, while larger cities over 500,000 have reached 78-81%. Bus ridership has led the recovery at 86% of pre-pandemic levels, outperforming rail systems. This success can be attributed to flexible scheduling, improved frequency during off-peak hours, and better integration with other transportation modes.

Fare Changes and Financial Challenges

Fare structures have undergone significant changes as agencies balance financial sustainability with ridership recovery. Many systems have introduced discounted passes for essential workers, students, and seniors, while some have experimented with fare-free weekends or reduced pricing during non-peak hours. However, transit agencies face ongoing financial pressures with reduced fare recovery and operational efficiencies, despite initial federal funding support.

'The fiscal cliff is real and concerning,' noted transportation analyst Maria Rodriguez. 'As federal COVID-19 relief funds expire while ridership remains at only 74% of pre-pandemic levels nationally, agencies are facing difficult choices between service cuts, fare increases, and route suspensions.'

Operational Challenges and Innovations

Transit operators continue to navigate complex operational challenges, including staffing shortages, maintenance backlogs, and changing commuter patterns. The rise of remote work has fundamentally altered traditional rush-hour peaks, requiring agencies to adapt their service models. 'We're seeing a shift from traditional rush-hour peaks toward all-day flexible service,' explained transit planner Grace Almeida. 'This requires us to rethink our entire operational approach and resource allocation.'

Innovative solutions are emerging to address these challenges. AI-driven dynamic route planning, Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) platforms integrating multiple transport modes, and major fleet electrification initiatives are transforming urban mobility. Keolis operates North America's largest hydrogen bus fleet with 33 vehicles and has launched comprehensive MaaS solutions like the DiviaMobilités app in Dijon.

Looking Ahead

The recovery journey continues as transit agencies work to rebuild systems that meet current rider needs. Creative solutions like congestion pricing in New York City—which boosted ridership by 4-9% in early 2025—and redirecting highway funds to transit offer promising alternatives. Some states are stepping in with significant investments, including Massachusetts allocating $8 billion to Boston's MBTA and California providing $2 billion statewide.

'Public transportation delivers strong economic returns—$5 in economic output for every $1 invested—and transit riders can save more than $13,000 annually compared to driving,' emphasized Skoutelas. 'The data clearly shows that investing in transit is investing in our communities and our future.'

As cities continue their recovery journey, the focus remains on creating sustainable, equitable, and efficient transit systems that serve the evolving needs of urban populations while supporting climate and equity goals.