Water Wars: The Indus River Dispute Reignites

Water Wars: The Indus River Dispute Reignites

Rising Tensions Over Shared Water Resources

The longstanding Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) between India and Pakistan, signed in 1960, is under severe strain as tensions over shared water resources escalate. The treaty, brokered by the World Bank, allocates the waters of the Indus River and its tributaries between the two nations. However, recent geopolitical developments and environmental challenges have reignited disputes, threatening the fragile peace.

Historical Context

The IWT divides the Indus basin into eastern and western rivers, with India controlling the Beas, Ravi, and Sutlej, and Pakistan receiving the Indus, Chenab, and Jhelum. Despite its success in preventing water wars, the treaty has faced criticism for its unequal distribution and lack of provisions for climate change.

Recent Developments

On April 23, 2025, India suspended the treaty following a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, citing national security concerns. This move has sparked fears of a water war, with Pakistan warning of severe consequences. The suspension has also raised questions about the future of water-sharing agreements in the region.

Environmental and Political Implications

Climate change and increasing water scarcity are exacerbating tensions. Both nations rely heavily on the Indus for agriculture and energy, making the treaty's collapse a potential disaster. Experts warn that without cooperation, the region could face severe water shortages and conflicts.

International Response

The World Bank, the treaty's guarantor, has declined to intervene, stating its role is limited to facilitation. International observers urge both countries to return to negotiations to avoid further escalation.